See kingdom in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kingdom"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kingdom"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cyningdōm"
},
"expansion": "Old English cyningdōm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuningadōmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "king",
"3": "-dom"
},
"expansion": "king + -dom",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:cyningdōm<id:monarch lead realm>",
"id": "monarch's realm",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Germanic *kunją\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *kuningaz\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *dʰóh₁mos\nProto-Germanic *dōmaz\nProto-Germanic *-dōmaz\nProto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz\nProto-West Germanic *kuningadōm\nOld English cyningdōm\nMiddle English kingdom",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cyningdōm, from Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz. Equivalent to king + -dom.\nEtymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Germanic *kunją\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *kuningaz\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *dʰóh₁mos\nProto-Germanic *dōmaz\nProto-Germanic *-dōmaz\nProto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz\nProto-West Germanic *kuningadōm\nOld English cyningdōm\nMiddle English kingdom",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kingdoms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kyngdom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyngdoom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kengdam",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyngdam",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyngedome",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "küngdom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyngdome",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyngdan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kingdom",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kingdom (plural kingdoms)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "king"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 2 25 10 20 2 2 12 2 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dominion, lordship, rulership"
],
"id": "en-kingdom-enm-noun-YJfIST-b",
"links": [
[
"dominion",
"dominion"
],
[
"lordship",
"lordship"
],
[
"rulership",
"rulership"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 25 10 20 2 2 12 2 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The dominion and authority of God"
],
"id": "en-kingdom-enm-noun-X0c1ok1H",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity) The dominion and authority of God"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 5 84 2 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "enm:Monarchy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kingdom, monarchy"
],
"id": "en-kingdom-enm-noun-qGx3O2sc",
"links": [
[
"kingdom",
"kingdom#English"
],
[
"monarchy",
"monarchy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"state, realm"
],
"id": "en-kingdom-enm-noun-nYMDV8lN",
"links": [
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"realm",
"realm"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 2 25 10 20 2 2 12 2 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tribe, clan"
],
"id": "en-kingdom-enm-noun-h8tXNKsw",
"links": [
[
"tribe",
"tribe"
],
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"region, domain, zone"
],
"id": "en-kingdom-enm-noun-L-kefGMB",
"links": [
[
"region",
"region"
],
[
"domain",
"domain"
],
[
"zone",
"zone"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Astrology",
"orig": "enm:Astrology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 25 10 20 2 2 12 2 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The region where a planet's influence predominates"
],
"id": "en-kingdom-enm-noun-pz6gTSw6",
"links": [
[
"astrology",
"astrology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astrology) The region where a planet's influence predominates"
],
"topics": [
"astrology",
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkiŋɡdoːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkiŋɡdɔm/"
}
],
"word": "kingdom"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -dom",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"enm:Monarchy"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kingdom"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kingdom"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cyningdōm"
},
"expansion": "Old English cyningdōm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuningadōmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "king",
"3": "-dom"
},
"expansion": "king + -dom",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:cyningdōm<id:monarch lead realm>",
"id": "monarch's realm",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Germanic *kunją\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *kuningaz\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *dʰóh₁mos\nProto-Germanic *dōmaz\nProto-Germanic *-dōmaz\nProto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz\nProto-West Germanic *kuningadōm\nOld English cyningdōm\nMiddle English kingdom",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cyningdōm, from Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz. Equivalent to king + -dom.\nEtymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Germanic *kunją\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *kuningaz\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *dʰóh₁mos\nProto-Germanic *dōmaz\nProto-Germanic *-dōmaz\nProto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz\nProto-West Germanic *kuningadōm\nOld English cyningdōm\nMiddle English kingdom",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kingdoms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kyngdom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyngdoom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kengdam",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyngdam",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyngedome",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "küngdom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyngdome",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyngdan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kingdom",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kingdom (plural kingdoms)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "king"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dominion, lordship, rulership"
],
"links": [
[
"dominion",
"dominion"
],
[
"lordship",
"lordship"
],
[
"rulership",
"rulership"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Christianity"
],
"glosses": [
"The dominion and authority of God"
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity) The dominion and authority of God"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"kingdom, monarchy"
],
"links": [
[
"kingdom",
"kingdom#English"
],
[
"monarchy",
"monarchy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"state, realm"
],
"links": [
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"realm",
"realm"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tribe, clan"
],
"links": [
[
"tribe",
"tribe"
],
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"region, domain, zone"
],
"links": [
[
"region",
"region"
],
[
"domain",
"domain"
],
[
"zone",
"zone"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Astrology"
],
"glosses": [
"The region where a planet's influence predominates"
],
"links": [
[
"astrology",
"astrology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astrology) The region where a planet's influence predominates"
],
"topics": [
"astrology",
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkiŋɡdoːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkiŋɡdɔm/"
}
],
"word": "kingdom"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kingdom meaning in Middle English (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.